{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "3a71be10", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Activité de découverte" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ed1f460f", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Consignes:\n", "\n", "
  • Effectuer des recherches sur internet\n", "
  • Rassembler les informations\n", "
  • Faire un rapport de ce que vous aurez trouvé\n", "
  • Echanger entre nous" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c765137c", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Voici une liste d'évènements majeurs de l'histoire de l'informatique. Pour chaque élèment de la liste, faites une recherche et retrouver la date associée.\n", "\n", "1. Apollo 11 qui alunit\n", "2. DeepBlue bat Gary Kasparov \n", "3. Premier site \"web\"\n", "4. Alan Turing déchiffre Enigma\n", "5. Premier Smartphone\n", "6. L'invention du Transistor\n", "7. Premiere photo numerique \n", "8. Premier disque dur\n", "9. Premier bug\n", "10. Premier programme informatique\n", "11. Premier ordinateur\n", "\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "78d39d3a", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import time\n", "\n", "def chrono(t):\n", " \n", " while t:\n", " mins, secs = divmod(t, 60)\n", " timer = '{:02d}:{:02d}'.format(mins, secs)\n", " print(timer, end=\"\\r\")\n", " time.sleep(1)\n", " t -= 1\n", " \n", " print('Terminé !!')\n", " \n", "t = input(\"Combien de temps ? : \")\n", " \n", "chrono(int(t))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "2c8cf124", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Apollo 11 qui alunit" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7b1c446a", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![apollo11](Images/apollo11.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "129fd908", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • 21 Juillet 1969\n", "
  • AGC (Apollo Guidance Computer) \n", "
  • S'affranchir des limites de notre imagination" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c18c4722", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "![ihm-agc](Images/ihm-agc.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "17597a8c", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> Margaret Hamilton\n", "\n", "![margaret-hamilton](Images/margaret-hamilton.gif)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "33139674", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## DeepBlue vs Kasparov" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "3c733ed3", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> Mai 1997" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6065ead4", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![kasparov](Images/kasparov.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "3bc32b49", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • Première victoire d'un ordinateur contre un grand champion humain à un jeu crée par l'homme\n", "
  • Conçu par la société IBM" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "e88e262c", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "![deep-blue](Images/Deep_Blue.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7cd78056", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Premier site web" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "35da2b89", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • 6 août 1991\n", "
  • http://info.cern.ch\n", "
  • Mis au point au CERN ou Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire " ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "67cafa37", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "![site](Images/site.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "63e8e467", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Alan Turing déchiffre Enigma" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "86757109", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![Alan Turing](Images/Alan_Turing.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c58b930d", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) publie On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, ouvrage qui définit les limites théoriques de l'ordinateur.\n", "
  • Présente le modèle des machines de Turing et construit (mathématiquement) la première machine universelle.\n", "
    " ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "13c88996", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![Enigma](Images/Enigma.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "375c2f85", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • Afin de décrypter les messages de l'armée Allemande, les Anglais mettent au point sur le site de Bletchley Park les calculateurs Robinson et Colossus sous la direction du mathématicien Alan Turing.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "54a0b381", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Premier Smartphone" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "55b6e95e", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![ibm - simon](Images/ibm-simon.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "d36b2cb4", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • Crée en 1992\n", "
  • Commercialisé en 1994\n", "
  • 1 mo de stockage et de mémoire vive" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "2fa0d8fa", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## L'invention du Transistor" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "203f1525", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • 23 décembre 1947 \n", "
  • Permet de contrôler un courant ou une tension donc c'est un interrupteur contrôlé électroniquement \n", "
  • Composant fondamental des appareils électroniques et des circuits logiques" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "e8288dca", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![transistor](Images/transistor.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6b0b7a97", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Premiere photo numerique" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "d27774f1", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![photo](Images/photo.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "d82e446b", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • 1957\n", "
  • Russel Kirsch\n", "
  • Inventeur du pixel et du scanner" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "8064cfb4", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Premier disque dur" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "8234668a", "metadata": {}, "source": [ ">
  • 13 septembre 1956\n", "
  • IBM 350\n", "
  • 10 000$ le Mo\n", "
  • 5 mo" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "d2e1eff7", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "![hdd](Images/hdd.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c55e7fe7", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Premier bug" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6ecfd8ed", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> 9 septembre 1947" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "98c53f38", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "![bug](Images/bug.png)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "a91194f2", "metadata": {}, "source": [ ">
  • Papillon de nuit coincé dans les circuits\n", "
  • Bloque le fonctionnement du calculateur Mark II\n", "
  • La mathématicienne Grace Murray Hopper décide alors que tout ce qui arrête le bon fonctionnement d'un programme s'appellera « bug » (bestiole en anglais)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "9b3fe49c", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "![Grace_Hopper](Images/Grace_Hopper.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "b6572503", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Premier programme informatique" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7b69d063", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • 1842\n", "
  • Ensemble d'instructions et d’opérations destinées à être exécutées par un ordinateur\n", "
  • Comtesse Ada Lovelace & machine analytique de Charles Babbage" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "f001aaec", "metadata": {}, "source": [ " > ![ada_portrait](Images/ada_portrait.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c47c8312", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Premier ordinateur" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "50211051", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
  • Konrad Zuse (1910-1995)\n", "
  • Z3 (Zuse 3)\n", "
  • Détruit en 1944 par les bombardements alliés\n", "
  • Servait à produire des calculs pour une usine aéronautique allemande" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "b1d127a8", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> ![Z3](Images/Z3.jpeg)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "2da75129", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Que pouvons nous retenir de ces faits marquants ?" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.8.8" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }